Revising Messages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revising Messages - subsidisation ExampleWe assure you that well make sure that our airline personnel become more careful conterminous clipping. Kindly mail us back with a detailed list of items you lost by complemental the following questionnaire, to enable us process your compensation.We apologize for making you wait for a long time we had a lot of resumes to go through. We are however pleased to inform you that you made it to the final 10 candidates who have been shortlisted for an interview. The interview has been scheduled for June 15 at 300 p.m. Kindly inform us sooner the end of the workweek if you will be able to attend as this is our busy season.We use over a ton of paper every year out of which, much of it goes to waste creating more environmental waste. It is because of this that, beginning on Monday, white plastic bins will be placed outside the elevator on every floor to recycle the paper and minimize pollution.d. In todays meeting, we were privileged to find Paul Eccelson, who reviewed the shopping cart function on our website and offered some great advice. Feel free to border for any inquiries concerning the new forms.c. Kindly call our hotline at 1-800-555-8765 to schedule an appointment with one of our knowledgeable owe specialists in your area, as well as ask more questions about mortgage rates, closing procedures or any other aspect of the mortgage process. Remember, were here to make the home-buying experience as painless as

Economics case assignment module 01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics case assignment module 01 - Essay ExampleIn the contrary, trifling manufactures which provides humiliated amount of needs of a excellent numerate of people also employ small number of workmen. Division of labour is much observed since all of them are working in one workhouse. To frivol away an example, B dressmaking that was operated by Mr. Joe employed 3 dressmakers. His business location was in the heart of a small town. Long before, his 3 dressmakers were used to finish a maximum of 5 or a minimum of 3 dresses a day. However, there produce was insufficient enough, so he came up to the idea of dividing the solid work into branches kinda of hiring additional dressmakers. His dressmakers were task to do a particular part of the dress instead of sewing it alone. The work was divided to around 6 so each of the workers was assigned to do 2. The number 1 one shaped and cut the cloth the second one made the collar, the third sewed the sub course and so on until all the parts were sewed together and the dress was made. After couple of weeks, the digression was quiet obvious, from the minimum of 9 dresses to around 30 dresses daily. And the work showed much excellent Hence the division of labour increases the productivity of the workmen because employing a simpler and particular task enhances their skill. Repeating one or two tasks is non as difficult as doing the whole work. Perhaps, a particular dressmaker who was used to sew dresses whitethorn not feel difficulty in doing his job but became lazy in using polar machines in completing a dress. The several stages undergone may become complicated for him he may present less concentration on them whereas, if he only focused shaping and cutting the cloth, its repetitions would result to a greater part of his dexterity.Secondly, Smiths idea about invisible hand is linked to his conception of self-interest. Every individual struggles to get what he wants. He works hard to fulfill his dreams.

Recycling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Recycling - Research Paper Examples a man makes impact on his personal and family stand ups at present, and threatens future life of his next generations, who will not be able to live the same life as this man does. To prevent much(prenominal) results, the image of sustainable development emerged. This concept became popular in the 80-es of 20th century. The main idea of it is that a man should live in such a way, so that he will not prevent his future generations to live at least(prenominal) in the same way, as he does (Bartlett 2012). Some of the principles of sustainable development state, that a man should be c argonful with using resources, and should not just spend them irretrievably. It became important to find new methods to compensate and dissolve the used resources to preserve ecological system. The idea to process the waste products and use them as secondary materials became re entirelyy popular among the supporters of the sustainable development concept. Thus, recyc ling became one of the instruments for communities how to get to the sustainable development path.Recycling is a process of reusing waste products and garbage or retrieving them back into operation. This process is considered to be one of the methods to restore all the waste generated (Tam 2006) The importance of recycling today is significant and is of global value. Recycling helps to solve ecological and resource-saving problems. prototypal of all, the resources on the Earth are limited and cannot be compensated as fast as they are being used (some of them require the time of life of some(prenominal) generations). Then, when waste is thrown into environment, it usually becomes its pollutant. It takes several centuries for some materials to decay in natural environment. Besides, product waste and other products, the useful life of which is over, are usually (but not always) a cheaper source of materials than natural sources. Using secondary material resources can fork out the co sts for waste utilization, new resource purchase, transport and labour costs etc. New jobs for

Stewardship, Sustainability and Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stewardship, Sustainability and Faith - Essay Exampleg to this model, divinity fudge definitely rewarded us with power over our environment, but as long as we use it as sensible stewards, using our power with sympathy and kindness. This is the point of view that is favored within conservative and evangelical communities, to the point that this branch of Christianity decides to deal with the environmental concern (McFague 2000). The New Testament refines these ideas and attaches a radical essential with its explanation of stewardship. This radical quality is an important alternative to several of the more severe moral perspectives in traditional environmental ethics. The story of the talents and story of the good steward in the Bible sum up the idea (Vischer 1997). The protection of what is entrusted to use requires an understanding of the creators orders for the environment. We should be aware of the laws, needs, and limits of the planet for us to know how to use them well.The para ble of the talents tells us that we who are chosen with the environment will be asked to explicate our barter to take care of the planet (McFague 2000). The stewardship perspective says that the environmental and moral limitations are valued, and it attaches the duty to ploughshare out the fruits equally.Ecological sustainability has been identified as addressing the requirements and demands of the present without giving up the capacity of future generations to achieve their needs. Religion can contribute well to the concept of sustainabilityby extending the point of view to all those expectations and thoughts that ambit outside the practical and social abilities of human beingshence by leading the way towards God and to a truth that we do not have control of, or protect the earth on our give (Bakken, Engel, & Engel 1995). An equally balancing connection hence exists between the idea of Christian duty for creation and sustainability.Our duty for creation, on the one hand, has to pursue the direction of sustainability so as to become socially

Staffing & Talent Management F12 Assignment #3 Essay

Staffing & Talent Management F12 Assignment 3 - adjudicate ExampleMost organisations in todays world are high profit seek business partners. They have their plans, objectives and actions aligned with financial goals in mind. Therefore for such organisation, strategic monitoring of exercise by the leadership is very important.This is the contribution flying field registering the contribution made by employees in the commonwealth of their core competency. This accounts for the main work that give the organisation its bread butter. For an IT organisation, it is developing applications, building software, providing software solution consultancy etc. For manufacturing companies it could be throughput of manufacturing operation, reduction of waste, optimisation of processes. For a public service company it could be generating ideas related to a particular field, implementation of internal projects, ability to cut down on departmental expenses etc.This is the leadership contribution a rea responsible for training and development of staff. This parameter is necessary for misgiving the impact of leaders on their team and peers. It measures training and motivation efficiency, it calibrates and provides a benchmark for trainings to be taken and leadership roles to be undertaken in order to ensure growth of the organisation.It is a crucial area that registers responsibilities taken over and above current responsibilities. It encompasses the qualities of ownership, accountability, customer satisfaction and dedication towards achieving 100 % customer satisfaction tally keeping in mind larger topics like future business, long term goals, long long-lasting customer relationships, joint efforts, partnerships, forecasted future financial benefit etc. Value Creator contribution area also records the value addition that an employee brings to his work through added effort out of the set of assigned results. asunder from

Similarities and differences in Crane and Dreiser's practice of Essay

Similarities and inconsistencys in Crane and Dreisers practice of realism - quiz ExampleIt is therefore pertinent to analyze the similarities in Cranes practice of realism and that of Dreiser, dapple marching the differences that exists between them in the process. The 2 authors try to show the reality of living in an urban setting and the experiences of tidy sum living in the cities. The two of them usually speech about the experience and challenges confront by women living in the society and in the case of Maggie A Girl of the Streets and Sister Carrie, they talk about the experience of women living in the urban society and the consequences that comes with them living in the urban society. The two authors depict life as a normal process. It is pertinent to note that the two authors have shown that nonpareil basic principle to live in the urban world is to be fit as they show the animalistic survival of the fittest principle in their works.The difference that exists between the works of Crane in Maggie A Girl of the Streets and Dreiser in Sister Carrie is in the ability of one of the authors to integrate emotions into his work.While Crane took cognizance of the people living in the urban settings with a consideration for their yearning for sympathy (Crane), Dreiser does not in every way consider any form of pleadings for sympathy or moral judgment (Dreiser), and this is the major difference between the depiction of realism by the two writers in the works considered.

Bureaucratic structure and leadership Research Paper

bureaucratic complex body part and leadership - Research Paper ExampleFire Administration, 2013). This is a kind of appropriate leadership proficiency where there is an involvement of serious safety risks (such as working with elan, machinery, dangerous heights and toxic substances (NFPA International, 2002). With these considerations, the story aims comprehend the different feedbacks provided by the staff in a enhance department in a leading southeastern city. Bureaucratic/Organizational Structure Issues Impacting the Fire Departments Effectiveness Bureaucratic leadership style is a framework which is grounded upon certain fixed rules and regulations. This leadership style is particularly observe to be useful in case of performing routine activities which is slackly the work structure of fire departments. With reference to the feedback provided by staff of fire department in a foremost southeastern city, it arouse be determined that fire department follows bureaucratic style which is a fixed framework exclusively on the job at times the fire fighters require to take a lot of flexible decisions which might not be possible within such a rigid framework. Thus, a incertitude arises whether the bureaucratic leadership style is acceptable in this organization or not. ... People do not have any specific idea regarding what their jobs actually are. Public actually perceive them as all of a sudden weight because they actually are not visible as the department of police. There have been various problems regarding the organizational structure of the fire department (Cochran, n.d.). Though media has been one of the most connective allies of the fire fighter departments, there is a lack of awareness and education about what the fighter does. Thus, there should be proper exposure of the fire department to the public, in terms of establishing greater cultural relationships. Thirdly, the fire fighters generally follow the standardized rating of the International O rganization for Standardization (ISO). It is observed from the feedbacks that the organizational structure or practices in the department bestow greater emphasis on the ratings of the ISO and less concern towards the needs of the communities. Fourthly, collect to globalization new industrial buildings are setting up which is causing an increase in operations for the fire fighters. The fire assistances and equipment are getting increasingly expensive which may raise questions in the minds of the public regarding the quality of the service they are obtaining. Moreover, quick responses by the fire fighters may not be possible as some of the coverage areas are far from the stations. Training schedule needs to be structured properly so that multiple units of fire are actually not out of service at onetime leaving large areas of the city without protection. Nationally, there is a drop in the dowry of the number of fire fighters by nearly 10 percent from 880000 in 1984 to 790000 in the year 2001. This indicates that the

Violations of Human Rights and Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Violations of Human Rights and Slavery - Essay ExampleUpon arrival into America, slaves had to deal with dehumanizing make that destroyed their African culture. Although slave trade is no longer practiced in America today, Friglich, Kent, Hess, Mclyntyre, & Allen, (1-6) reassert that there still are 10 states in America that deemed to be the worse for African American to live in. The index used to determine the ten states included household income, rates of home ownership, educational attainment costs, educational attainments, and poverty rates. These states are Connecticut, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, New Jersey, Kansas, Rhode island, Illinos, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. In these states, the disparity between the White and total darkness Americans is very pronounced resulting to uneven accessibility of job opportunities, payment, and better housing. In addition to discrimination, African americans establish been stereotyped as lazy and are left to deal with their problems.

Sudan Scenario Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sudan Scenario - Research Paper ExampleIndeed, the entire human social existence is dependent on these issues hence, it is typical for people to resist any efforts that are made to achieve a re theme (Maiese, 2006). In fact, parties to these contests often refuse to compromise or provide room for negotiation with respect to the said tangled matters (Brewer, 2007 Kinnvall, 2004). As a result, either party of the conflict maintains a rigid stand of the other because of the scenery that failure to do so would threaten their existence. The parties may develop a mutual fear of adept another and an intense desire to inflict as much psychological and physical harm on each other as possible (Staub, 2004 Paris, 2001 Maiese, 2003). Maiese (2006) points out that the gradual effect of these feeling of being below constant threat and hostility from the either group often occupies the daily lives of the parties involved in the conflict and as a result, supersedes their ability to identify any shared problems they might have.Over time, the conflict escalates resulting to the embedment of the facts slightly the problem within a larger set of identities, beliefs, cultures, and values (Paris, 2001). Additionally, conflicts concerning money, land, or other resources of economic enormousness begin to take a symbolic shape in amongst or between the parties under contention (Kaufman, 2001). Maiese (2003) observes that as the conflict progresses over time, the original issues that may have ignited the conflict become impertinent as new causes for dispute are generated within the conflict itself. As a result, the individuals on the oppose side begin to regard each other as foes and may engage in organic violence. Eventually, Ramsbotham, Miall, and Woodhouse (2011) opine that the parties become unable to resolve the various issues and seeing that there is no forthcoming solution of the conflict, they chose to go to war with a mindset of either winning or losing in the

Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Drama - strive Example?The Piano Lesson defines the history of African-the Statesns, which is a history that is painful and problematic to all ethnic groups in this country because of the conflicts and dispersion of traditions and values that African-Americans have a right to keep. The plot follows the Charles family and the symbolic and literal pianoforte that maintains the centerpiece of their lives. Every aspect of the play revolves around the piano, past and present, and a reader is left to applaud at the intensity with which the Charles family values music in their lives. At its foundation, however, the play isnt about a piano it is about the need for stability and heritage that is inherent in all of their lives. Neither sidekick nor sister can live without what that particular piano represents, and that, in itself, highlights the purity of the metaphor that Wilson has crafted for his audience.Wilsons ricochet of plays on the African-American perspective may be more than t hematic than theatrical the plays argon lavish in their variety of characters and conflicts, and in the resolutions to these conflicts (Boan 263). Even a casual reader of his plays, specifically The Piano Lesson, allow come away feeling like they have been granted access into the African-American dynamic and struggles that African-Americans as a culture have to deal with in all elements of their lives. Culture, to any race, is a specific understand and implementation of their heritage, and its easy to lose that in white America, where the dominant culture has become a melting pot of ideologies that are inconsistent with any one race or heritage. Many of these ideologies are often incompatible with the heritage and beliefs that certain races may want to uphold, which makes balancing life with personal traditions more complicated than it seems.Further, beneath the diversity within the dramatic framework of the plays lies the assertion that the present for black America has been inv ariably shaped

Project - Answer questions based on readings Essay - 1

Project - Answer questions based on readings - Essay exampleLeopolds advocacy instigated an era that allowed for people to transcend introspective personal necessities in favor of environmental consciousness. His call for conscience must initially start from cognizance of mans acts and how it affects the ecology.2.In its integrality Rachel Carson writes a very poignant essay which illustrates a perceptible recognition of her predisposition which is noticeably literary. all told through the night the cries of curlews and ploers and knots, of sandpipers and turnstones and yellowlegs, drifted down from the sky. The mockingbirds who lived on the island listened to the cries. The next day they would have many new notes (Carson, 1941). This career stuck to me in a way that it evoked a deep sense of poetic beauty that signifies emblematic representations while at the same time realistically narrating something that is actual and tangible.The connotations of the night proved to be arra nged in this passage with the birds howling at night that suggests they are probably in misery over something. The mockingbirds represented the role of a spectator much like the reader who are there altogether to witness them but without any active part in the process. But as far as symbolisms would go, a new day would present a new beginning and a new commit that was equally appropriate for the birds.3.There had always been an attribution of enchantment and an implication of beauty toward flowers. This gift of constitution in different forms, shapes, sizes and smells evoke a profound feeling that is often romanticized as perpetuated by poets and the like. The revere given to flowers had always been reinforced by society. Flowers, depending upon the circumstance, may imply love, sympathy, respect or delight.The next reference book signifies a stripped version of man and all of his ingenuities as by-products. But in essence, it is nature that is the

Applied Immunology Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applied Immunology query - Essay ExampleThey have also shown a decrease in general mortality and restoration rate, both as a single agent and in synergy with conservative combination chemotherapy, witnessing high gear response rates of upto 30% (White 2007).Progresses in biotechnology advances have been made in laboratory antibody engineering. such(prenominal) have improved antigen binding and the capability to stimulate ordinary effectors mechanisms. Development of fresh and enhanced targeted antibodies is dearly-won as evidenced in the price of antibody therapy. Some health economies may find this unaffordable.Uncertainty in establishing the best clinical utilize of MoAbs The optimal clinical timing, setting, and dose programs for the application of presently available antibodies bide uncertain. Forthcoming studies observing kinetics and pharmacodynamics may better enlighten therapeutic use in the future. The use of MoAbs as first-line therapy requires additional trials.Develo ping combination strategies many challenges are still faced in growing rational combination regimens which exploit the lacking cross-resistance and overlapping toxicities of various agents. MoABs might also be composite with targeted diminutive molecules like proteosome

Programming Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Programming Languages - Essay ExampleWhereas, the other authors have categorized the calculating elevator car oral communications keeping in view the different aspects of the computing machine language including computer programing paradigm. The categories include the procedural programming languages, structured programming languages, object oriented programming languages, functional programming languages, event driven programming, compiled and see computer programming languages (Hurst, n.d). The computer languages be based on the syntax and semantic rules. It is pertinent to study the programming languages based on the categories of the languages as well as predefined comparison criteria should be used. The paper focuses on three (3) main categories of the computer programming languages and presents an introduction to the programming languages, types of the programming languages, comparison of the programming languages, throw and implementation phases of the programming lan guages and a conclusion based on critical analysis of the programming languages. ready reckoner Programming languages Classification Computer programming languages have been developed to solve the human problems effectively and efficiently. variant categories of the programming languages accept, translate, and execute the instructions in diverse manners. Consider the gamey level languages, the programmers / decreers write mark in a more human earnable language as per the predefined syntax of the selected programming language platform. In other words, the high level languages argon developed so that the human beings can easy understand and use them. It is pertinent to mention here that there are three (3) models for execution of the high level languages include interpretation, compilation and translation. The interpretation refers to the execution of code without its compilation and requires an interpreter to interpret the code into machine language. The compilation refers to the translation of the code into executable form by using either machine code generation technique or intermediate representation technique. Keeping in view the in a higher place facts, it is scrutinized that the high level languages can further be classified based on the execution models they contract to execute the program / code. Furthermore, it can be stated that the high level languages are slow as compared to the assembly and machine languages. The high level programming languages include C, C++, FORTRAN, Java, etc. The assembly languages are low level computer programming languages which directly correspond to the computer architecture. The assembly languages are computer architecture dependent in contrast to the high level languages which can be ported across nonuple different systems. The computer does not understand the assembly language therefore, the programs created in the assembly languages require assemblers to deepen the code into executable machine code. In Asse mbly language the programmers use the symbolic computer addresses which are converted into the absolute addresses by the assembler. As compared to the high level languages, the assembly languages are difficult to understand and learn by human beings. The examples of the assembly language include the AUTOCODER (usable for IBM mainframe systems), FASM (Flat Assembler), MASM (Microsoft Macro Assembler), etc. The ternary (3rd) main classification of the programming langu

Types of materials (metals, ceramics, polymers,composites) Essay

Types of materials (metals, ceramics, polymers,composites) - Essay Example hexangular and cubic close packed atomic number 18 the most efficient ways with coordination number of 12.Metals have gilded bonding that occurs as a result of electromagnetic attraction between electrons and protons. The metallic bonds are firm and provide metals with great strength and localized atoms at solid state but have delocalized electrons. The electrons are usually delocalized with the ability to move that makes metals have good conductivity of heat and electricity (Reger, Goode, & Ball, 2010). The arrangement of these electrons in the metallic bonding is usually in an orderly manner. The numbers of delocalized electrons depend on the valence of particular(prenominal) metal element. The orderly arrangement of the atoms in metals provides the crystalline structure with many crystals bordering each other. The presence of the despotic and negative forces in the metals also assists in the reactivity of metals with non-metals to form covalent bonds.These are materials made of inorganic molecules through heating of the powder or slurry that are commonly thermal and electrical insulators. The composition of ceramics whitethorn contain atoms of metalloid, nonmetal and metals. Ceramics are not metals, polymers nor semiconductors. At least one of the elements in ceramics must be nonmetallic. The application of heat to the powder fabricates it to form ceramics. Sometimes there is use of pressure and heat unitedly in forming ceramics. Ceramics are mostly composition of two or more elements hence they are compounds in nature. Most of the ceramics are made of compounds containing nitride and oxides which are highly crystalline. Others may also contain borides, carbides and silicide from reaction with metals. Examples of ceramics let in aluminum oxide, silicon nitride and magnesium oxide.Ceramics have a varied structure that range from simple to existence very complex. Ceramics exhibit short range

Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Nursing Leadership - Essay Example3. Yes, there argon a lot of differences between central and decentralized organization structures n terms of authority, responsibility and accountability. counterbalance of all, in a centralized system, the race responsible for decision making are the top organization. If anything goes terms then they have to be held accountable unlike in a decentralized structure where some concourse are held accountable and the responsibility is divided (Dale, 2007). Unit 2.2., Part A My selected rationale for the persona indicator is the put out reassessment documentation which is always forgotten by most hold dears after delivering their irritation medication. This assessment is very important to the patient but sometimes nurses tend to ignore it due to assumptions make that the patient is okay. To spread the information on the methods that can be used to remedy quality, I result use a memo to all the nurses concerned and ensure that they populate th at it is their duty to perform the pain reassessment and document it. To evaluate the success of the plan, I will monitor the reassessment process of all(prenominal) nurse who is on duty to ensure that they follow the right reassessment procedure without skipping it. I will also print a confirmation report signed by both the patient and the nurse that the whole process has been completed up to the reassessment documentation. Yes, I have built in a form that the nurses would use to evaluate themselves based on the performance that they provide to the patients. Every nurse who does non abide to the new regulations and does not reassess the pain medication will be subject to a punishment that the hospital shall give. Unit 2.2., Part B In our organization, change is one of the major problems that people find hard to adapt to. The organization therefore should look at ways to see that people effectively adapt to change without any complications. This assessment was very critical to und erstanding the organization well. As an organization, there are roles that the management, the employees, and the customers have to know. This assessment was able to identify specific weaknesses that my organization has. I got to know that there is a clear human relationship and understanding between the employees and the customers. The needs of the customer are clean understood by the employee in a fair manner. However this was not respectable as the relationship needed to be perfect to ensure that the customers get exactly what they deserve. Communication with the customer is however good and so most of the customer complains reach the staff and recommendations are made. However there is need in the organization to educate the employees on some of the customer needs and some of the ways of treating the customer. Teamwork is also fair in the organization. Most of the tasks that are given are either solved individually or by a small group of employees, since teamwork is very imp ortant, there is need to educate the employees on effective teamwork and how to improve quality by working together as a team. However, most of

Article of Capital Budgeting Survey Essay Example for Free

Article of cracking Budgeting Survey EssayThis research is motivated by 2 major factors (1) theover twenty course hiatus since the travel thorough review ofthe keen budgeting review literature, and (2) past appeals to the finance academic company by researchers to explore omit res publicas ofthe pileus budgeting answer.In response, and using a four- power point capital budgeting process as a guide, the authors review the capital budgeting slew literaturefrom 1984 through 2008 and find that some ofthe neglectedareas eat infact been directly addressed. Unfortunately, the close prevalent focus of capital budgeting surveys continuesto be that ofthe pick stage. As a result, many an opposite(prenominal) areas ofthe capital budgeting process still remain relatively unexplored, providing numerous survey research opportunities.This research motion is motivated by two tnajor factors 1)the twenty year hiatus since the hold water thorough review of the capital budgeting su rvey literature, and 2) past observations and appeals made to the finance academic community byfel misfortunate researchers to explore neglected areas of the capital budgeting process through more foc utilize and directed surveyresearch.Richard M. Burns is a prof of Finance at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL Joe Walker is an Associate Professor of Finance at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL.The authors wish to thank the Editor and the anonymous referee for their many helpful comments and suggestions.78The first factor stands on its own as justification for anupdate of the capital budgeting survey literature. The lastcomprehensive reviews were made by researchers Scott and petty (1984) and Mukherjee (1987) over twenty long time ago.Regarding the second factor, al almost third decades ago,Kim (1979) noted that too much emphasis was being placedon methods of ranking and selecting capital budgetingproposal of marriages. Scott and Petty (1984) also noted the dispr oportionate (unjustified) amount of time spent on aparticular stage (financial abridgment and project pickaxe) Further, Gordon and Pinches (1984) generalizedthis complaint by arguing that the capital budgetingprocess must be viewed in its entirety. Mukherjee (1987)agreed that further survey efforts need to be devoted to understanding the entire process.To address these two factors, the authors dedicate provideda current review of the capital budgeting survey studiesover the past twenty-four years. The results are reportedin a four-stage capital budgeting framework that every last(predicate)ows amore detailed and clear estimate of the appeals by pastresearchers. As a result, fertile areas for proximo appliedresearch in the area of capital budgeting survey work aremore easily place and summarized.The organization of this account is as follows. In partitioning Ia four-stage capital budgeting process will be identified and apply throughout the balance ofthe paper. It provides a consumptionful framework to evaluate in more detail the most prominentcapital budgeting survey literature reviews of the past, tohighlight neglected areas of capital budgeting research, and to organize past appeals for in store(predicate) research in this area. In Section II this four-stage process will also be use to describe the procedures used in performing the capital budgeting79BURNS WALKER CAPITAL BUDGETING SURVEYS THE hereafter IS NOWsurvey literature update over the 1984-2008 period. SectionIII will continue to use this framework to present the detailed determinations while Section IV will provide an overall summary.Finally, Section V will present conclusions, comments, andinsights for future survey research.I. Past Reviews and Appeals come ons on an executives desk and all that isneeded is for the double-decker to choose the project(s)with the highest expected payoff. However, asmost managers quickly learn, this is not the case.Further, once projects are chosen, t he military ratingof an man-to-man projects incidental performanceis usually either ignored or often inappropriatelyhandled.Our contention is that the capitalbudgeting process must be viewed in its entirety,and the informational necessitate to support effective lasts must be builtinto the firms decisioncomprehensive reviewssupport dodging.In the corporal financecapital budgeting surveyliteraturethecapitalThe lastbudgeting process has beenwere made by researchers Scottdescribed in terms of fourThe two most satisfyingstages 1) identification,attempts to treasure theand Petty (1984) and Mukherjee2)development,3)balance of research among(1987) over twenty years ago.selection, and 4) mesh.these four stages were thoseThe identification stageof Scott and Petty (1984)comprises the overall process of project idea generation and Mukherjee (1987), both of which occurred well over including sources and debut procedures and the twenty years ago. Scott and Petty provided a synthesis of e arlier surveys ofincentives/reward system, if any.The development stageinvolves the initial screening process relying primarily large American firms and organized their outline based on a upon cash flow estimation and early screening criteria. The three stage classification 1) project exposition and cash flow selection stage includes the detailed project analysis that estimation 2) financial analysis and project selection, and results in acceptance or rejection of the project for funding. 3) project implementation and review. Citing Gitman and Finally, the control stage involves the evaluation of project Forrester (1977), they noted that project definition and cash flow estimation isperformance for both control purposes and continuousconsidered the most difficult aspect ofthe capitalimprovement for future decisions. All four stages havebudgeting process. The financial analysis andcommon areas of interest including personnel, procedures,project selection stage, which receives the mostand methods involved, along with the rationale for each(prenominal). forethought in the literature, is considered the leastAll four stages are critical to the overall process, butdifBcult ofthe three stages the selection stage is arguably the most involved since itincludes the choices of analytical methods/techniques used,Also covering surveys of large American corporations,how the follow of capital is determined, how enrollments for Mukherjee (1987) agreed that there had been too much projects happens are assessed and reflected, and how, if relevant, survey focus on the selection stage and not enough on the capital rationing affects project choice.The selection stage other stages as well as the overall capital budgeting process. has also been the most investigated by survey researchers, Paraphrasing that cover recommendations, it called for particularly in the area of selection techniques, resulting in more research into specific brains relevant for each stage. a relative neglect ofthe other stages.This in turn has led to For example, in stage 1, future surveyors were urged to appeals to future researchers to consider the other stages in investigate the reward systems, procedural aspects, and the their survey research efforts. As Gordon and Pinches (1984) organizational structure ofthe firm. In stage 2, more research notewas suggested on the topics of divisional vs. corporateMost of the literature on the subject of capitalbiases, strategic considerations, cash flow estimationbudgeting has emphatic the selection phase, exposit, data details, cannibalization, risk, and inflation. giving little coverage to the other phases. Instead,Even indoors the more widely-studied be 3, neglectedit is usually assumed that a set of well-definedcapital investment opportunities, with all of theinformational needs clearly specified, suddenly o t e that these two reviews are only three years apart based on publication See Gordon and Pinches (1984) and Mukherjee (1987 ). Scott and Petty (1984) use a similar 3-stage process. It is enkindle to note, however, that an even earlier survey by Gitman and Forrester (1977) had used a 4-stage analysis.date, and that the latter does not cite the former, presumable due to publication lags. As noted in the procedures section, this paper uses the Mukherjee format. Furthermore, the title of this paper derives from Mukherjees title.80areas were identified such as the rationale for the variousmethods used, how firms compute their cost of capital, thelow rate of risk recognition, the associated low rates of risk adjustment and assessment sophistication, capital rationing(and the low usage of linear programming), and the detailsof authorization takes. Finally, with regard to Stage 4, more research was encouraged into the details of performanceevaluation, how the company follows up on such evaluation,the details of expenditure control procedures, and the reward system for performance.How well these appeals have b een answered withsubsequent survey research is the primary focus of thispaper. In the next section the authors describe the procedures employed to assess the effectiveness of these appeals madeover twenty years ago.II. ProceduresConsistent with the reviews by Scott and Petty (1984)and Mukherjee (1987), the following criteria were used tochoose capital budgeting survey denominations for inclusion in this review the surveys had to involve large US firms, they hadto be broad-based (not concentrate on one particular industry),and they had to be published in mainline academic journalspost-1984. use these criteria resulted in the selection of the nineteen capital budgeting surveys included in range1. The Figure provides, in chronological order, the survey year (which in all cases differs from the publication year), authors, research method, usable responses and the audiencesurveyed.Each of these 19 survey articles was then thoroughlyexamined in an effort to identify the stages and are aswithin each stage that the survey covered. The results ofthis process are reported in Figure 2 and consistent withMukherjees (1987) chronological ordering in a tabular formindicating areas of investigation within the four stages oftheThese more specific questions are generally paraphrased from Mukherjee (1987) and are not fully exhaustive. The interested reader is, of course, encouraged to read this very thorough article in its entirety. The initial search using Proquest (ABI Inform) specifying capital budgeting surveys in scholarly journals after January 1, 1984, yielded over two hundred results.However, the great majority were published in the non-mainline journals, including many strictly practitioner (trade journal) outlets and /or were focused on a particular country or industry and thus eliminated by the screening criteria. To subvention against missing articles due to any limitations ofthe ABl database, the authors checked the references ofthe surviving articles, and in a ddition, conducted a manual search ofthe most cited finance journals tables of contents and the reference sections of the various survey articles found.JOURNAL OF APPLIED FINANCE ISSUES 1 2, 2009capital budgeting process.It should be noted that the Figures herein were slightlyaltered from Mukherjees original format to better focuson selected issues that were identified specifically as areas of neglect. For example, the category of techniques wasdivided into techniques used and reasons for techniquesused. Similarly, the risk category was divided into riskrecognition, risk assessment, and risk adjustment.III. Findings by StageA quick perusal of Figure 2 reveals an unadornedconcentration of checks in Stage 3 (selection) similar tothe previous findings of Mukherjee. Although a carefullook at some of the stage categories individually indicatesthat several neglected areas have been researched over theperiod, there is still an overt and relative lack of research into Stages 1, 2, and 4 .To further assess the effectiveness ofthe research appeals,the analysis and reported results in this section will be ordered by the four stages. Summary comments are provided onlyon those surveys which provide a significant contributionto a previously neglected area of capital budgeting surveyresearch. As a result, the findings of Bierman ( 1993), Gilbert and Reichert (1995), Payne, Heath, and Gale (1999), andRyan and Ryan (2002) are not summarized.A. Stage 1 IdentificationSuggested areas of study within this stage include howproject proposals are initiated, whether the proposal process is on-going or on an only-when-needed basis, at what level projects are generated, whether there is a formal process for submitting ideas, how that process works when present, andif there is an incentive system for rewarding good ideas.*Unfortunately, there has never been an in-depth surveyfocused on this stage, leaving no question that it remainsstrongly neglected. The only contribution of a minor natureto this topic is the incidental finding by Stanley and Block (1984). They found that in over 80% of the respondingfirms that capital budgeting proposals originated bottom upIn the 1987 article, note that on Figure 4, the stages are described somewhat differently from the discussion in the paper itself Specifically, in the body of the paper, the four stages are (1) identification, (2) development, (3) selection, and (4) the post-audit. But in the table, the 4 stages are idea generation, proposal development, selection of projects, and control or performance evaluation.As in footnote 3, the following suggested areas of study for all four stages are largely paraphrased from Mukherjee (1987)..81BURNS WALKER CAPITAL BUDGETING SURVEYS THE FUTURE IS NOWFigure 1. Surveys of Capital Budgeting of Large US FirmsSurveyedYear(s)Survey Author(s)MethodNumber ofUsableResponses1982Stanley Block(1984)questionnaire1211986Pruitt Gitman(1987)questionnaire1211986Pohlman,Santiago, Markel(1988)q uestionnaire2321988Gordon Myers(1991)19881992199019911992Myers, Gordon, Hamer(1991)Bierman (1993)Porterba Summers (1995)Gilbert Reichert(1995)Trahan Gitman(1995) attemptCFOs of raft 1000multinationalsVP Finance or Treasurer oflargest industrials in Fortune viosterolCFOs of Fortune dquestionnaire282questionnaire282questionnaire74Executives and capitalbudgeting directors of large USindustrials except utilities andtransportationLarge public firms from FASBData slang100 largest of Fortune 500questionnaire160-228CEOs of Fortune 1000questionnaire151Fortune Magazine DirectoryCFOsquestionnaire84CFOs of Fortune 500 + Forbes200Managers of foreignmanufacturing subsidiaries ofUS industrials1992Shao Shao(1996)questionnaire1881992Burns Walker(1997)questionnaire180Fortune 5007,27,107 best-sellling texts, 27prestigious CFOs, 10 leadingfinancial advisors1996-97 Bruneretal(1998) telephone survey1992-93Mukherjee Hingorani(1999)questionnaire102Fortune 500 CFOs1994Payne, Heath, Gale (1999)questi onnaire155 ground forces and Canadian basedcompanies from SPCompustat databasequestionnaire111CFOs from Fortune 1000questionnaire392CFOs from FEI corporationsinterviews39executives of large companiesquestionnaire205CFOs of Fortune 1000questionnaire40top-ranking officers of Fortune100019971999199919992005Gitman Vandenberg(2000)Graham Harvey(2001)Triantis Borison(2001)Ryan Ryan(2002)Block (2007)z II O)(2002) ueAy ? uBAyo(0O)a(0ai2i2ou.ao(0(OO)IO)o3OQareU3D) O6B)UB9 UBLULOdS(8861.) StJeiM(Z86l.)ueaJiOSHn.id(W6l)00ia88UBisL Idea GenerationA. Source of OriginationB. Reasons for Idea OriginationC. shape of Origination SubmissionD. Time Pattern of Origination1II. ProposalDevelopmentA. Level at Which screening Takes PlaceB. back ProcessC. Cashflow Estimates (and forecasting)D. Responsibility for Budget Preparation (personnel)lll. Selection of ProjectsA. Classification of Projects for Economic AnalysisB. Personnel (Department) prudent for AnalysisC1. Listing Techniques UsedC2. Reasons for Techniques UsedDl. Risk recognitionD2. Risk assessmentD3. Risk adjustmentEl. Capital Rationing How Extensive?E2. Capital Rationing RationaleE3. Capital Rationing Methods UsedF. appeal of CapitalG. Project ApprovalIV. Control (or Perfonnance Evaluation)A. Extent of Use of Post AuditB. Personnel gnarly/ProcedureC. Performance MeasurementD. Use of Evaluation (Punishment/Reward/Etc.)1* Surveys in this exhibit appear in chronological order of their publication.82JOURNAL OF APPLIED FINANCE ISSUES 1 2, 2009ooooCMo(ooz) iooia6jaquapueA S UBLUIJO(0002)(66609B0 S MIB9H auBd(666 OUBJo6uH S aajaLjni-?-y-7-? -y(1.002) uosuog pue suueui-?y(1.002)SWBH S lUBMBJO7-?-?-?-?-y-?(866l.)Ba.iaunjg-?CO t -y(66l)J8lieM8SUjng(966l)oeLS8OBs-y(9661.) uBUjJio S UBUBJi-y(S66l.)weM0aysjaqi9-y(9661-)sjauiujns s eqjapod-?-ym(661.) ueuuaig-y-y5a.nO(1-661-)jaoiBH S uopjoo sjaA/y-yy-y(1.661.) sja/l8uopjoo-yy-y-y-?-?-yy-y-yto-y00

Constitution Paper Essay Example for Free

organic law Paper screenThe weaknesses in the Articles of compact were pointed out by the musical composition. The Articles of Confederation were tweaked in May 1786. This introduced a set of unused regulations for the central government. Thedeclaration of Independence was approved by the telling on July 4, 1776. The Constitution paid attention to the irregularities in the Declaration of Independence and replaced all direct mentions of slavery. The Great Compromise drew an end to the disagreements among the states and set congressional representation upon population on an equal basis. The Bill of Rights was introduced by James Madison to the first unify States relation back on August 21 1789 and was used by the House of Representatives. John Dickinson proposed an outline to the Articles of Confederation in 1776. The first establishment of a formal government in the colonies was introduced in this. The Articles of Confederation was authorized by thirteen states on March 1 1781. The document of unification introduced a semblance of ensure to the central government.The Articles of Confederation dish outed address a feeble government system and pointed out a minute of failures. Nonetheless The Articles of Confederation offered very little success as a government tool. The U.S. Constitution was station in writing in 1787. The wise U.S. Constitution attempted to address the unsuccessful failures of the Articles of Confederation. For example, the Congress had no authority to charge taxes on the states. The system relied on donations from the states. The notion of federal taxation was opposed by the states. This caused an overpowering rise in currency because Congress did not have proper funding.Another defect of Congress was that it failed be in command of the foreign commerce. As a result, merchants and consumers had to pay high prices. Though Congress did possess the power to pass regulations and laws they were not allowed The thirteen American c olonies of Great Britain revolted and decl atomic subject 18d independence for sound reason. The natural processs of the British government the king deprived Americans of numerous rights that were guaranteed to all other British citizens. In fact, legion(predicate) of these rights were guaranteed as early as 1215 since the American colonists were British citizens they had good reason to expect those rights to be recognized. They werent and in 1776 the American colonies declared independence and became the United States of America.When Americans wrote the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, they do sure to fix the problems.These are some of the ways they fix the problems The king exercised absolute power. The power of British kings had been limited since 1215 almost cd familys before the first American colony was settled. The US Constitution divides power among three branches of government, and in that respect are checks and balances to make sure that no single branch gets t oo powerful. Colonials were taxed without their consent. British citizens were represented in Parliament American colonists were not represented in Parliament, even though they were British citizens The US Constitution gives Congress the power to tax US citizens, and US citizens are represented in Congress by representatives they elect. July 16, 1987 began with a light breeze a cloudless sky and a spirit of celebration. On that twenty-four hours two hundred senators and representatives boarded a special train for a journey to Philadelphia to celebrate a ridiculous congressional anniversary. Exactly two hundred years earlier the framers of the U.S. Constitution, meeting at Independence Hall, had reached a supremely important agreement.Their so called Great Compromise computed tomography Compromise in honor of its architects Connecticut delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth provided a dual system of congressional representation. In the House of Representatives each state woul d be appoint a number of seats in proportion to its population. In the Senate all states would have the same number of seats. Today we take this arrangement for granted in the wilting hot summer of 1787 it was a new idea. In the weeks before July 16 1787 the framers had made several important decisions about the Senates structure. They turned aside a proposal to have the House of Representatives elect senators from lists submitted by the individual state legislatures and agreed that those legislatures should elect their stimulate senators. By July 16 the convention had already set the minimum age for senators at thirty and the endpoint length at six years as opposed to twenty-five for House members with two year terms. James Madison explained that these distinctions based on the nature of the senatorial trust, which requires greater extent of information and stableness of character would allow the Senate to proceed with more coolness with more system and with more wisdom than the best-selling(predicate) electedbranch The issue of representation however threatened to destroy the seven week old convention.Delegates from the large states believed that because their states contributed proportionally more to the nations financial and defensiveresources they should enjoy proportionally greater representation in the Senate as easy as in the House. Small-state delegates demanded, with comparable intensity, that all states be equally represented in both houses. When Sherman proposed the compromise, benjamin Franklin agreed that each state should have an equal vote in the Senate in all effectsexcept those involving money. oer the Fourth of July holiday delegates worked out a compromise plan that sidetracked Franklins proposal. On July 16 the convention take the Great Compromise by a heart stopping margin of one vote. As the 1987 celebrants duly noted without that vote there would likely have been no Constitution. I think the bill of rights would be the perfect discussion what is the bill of rights The original Constitution as proposed in 1787 in Philadelphia and as formalise by the states, contained very few individual rights guarantees as the framers were primarily focused on establishing the machinery for an effective federal government.A proposal by delegate Charles Pinckney to include several rights guarantees including liberty of the press and a ban on quartering soldiers in private homes was submitted to the Committee on Detail on August 20 1787 but the Committee did not adopt any of Pinckney recommendations. The matter came up before the Convention on September 12 1787 and following a brief debate proposals to include a Bill or Rights in the Constitution were rejected. As adopted, the Constitution included only a few specific rights guarantees bulwark against states impairing the obligation of contracts provender that prohibit both the federal and state governments from enforcingex post facto lawslaws that allow punishment for an action that was not criminal at the time it was undertaken and provisions barringbills of attainderlegislative determinations of guilt and punishment Art. I Sections 9 and 10. The framers and notably James Madison its principal architect believed that the Constitution protected liberty primarily through its category of powers that made it difficult for an oppressive majorities to form and capture power to be used against minorities. Delegates also believably feared that a debate over liberty guarantees might prolong or even threaten the fiercely-debated compromises that had been made over the long hot summer of 1787.In the ratification debate Ant Federalists opposed to the Constitution complained that the new system threatened liberties and suggested that if the delegates had truly cared about protecting individual rights they would have includedprovisions that accomplished that. With ratification in serious doubt Federalists announced a willingness to take up the matter of ser ies of amendments to be called the Bill of Rights soon after ratification and the First Congress comes into session. The concession wasundoubtedlynecessary to practiced the Constitutions hard fought ratification. Thomas Jefferson, who did not attend the Constitutional Convention,in a December 1787 letter to Madisoncalled the omission of a Bill of Rights a major mistake A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against all government on earth.James Madison was skeptical of the value of a listing of rights, calling it a parchment barrier. Madisons preference at the Convention to safeguard liberties was by giving Congress an unlimited preclude over state laws and creating a joint executive judicial council of revision that could veto federal laws. notwithstanding his skepticism, by the fall of 1788 Madison believed that a declaration of rights should be added to the Constitution. Its value, in Madisons view, was in part educational, in part as a vehicle that might be used to rally people against a future oppressive government and finally in an argumentborrowed from Thomas Jefferson Madison argued that a declaration of rights would help install the judiciary as guardian ofindividual rights against the other branches.

Information Describe Essay Example for Free

Information Describe EssayDescribe the inventory you lead create using your ICT skills. It is really important to shed the purpose of your document clear, and describe where/when it will be functiond and who will be your audience. Research / Background Information Describe the steps that you took to consume information from both IT and non-IT sources for your document. Remember to say why the information that you relieve oneself collected is relevant to your pouch (Is it fit for its purpose, suitable for your intended audience? ) What have you learnt from your research? Were you able to draw any conclusions of your have got?Did your research help you to design your own original work? Design Outline Design your document. moreover this design. This can be done by hand or on the computer. You can add finds (annotate) to your design, explaining things such(prenominal) as At this stage you can finalise your design and make your document. Try out at least two different arran gements of the text, images and numbers. Save these drafts. Choose the layout you prefer giving reasons for your choice. Checking Once you are conform to that you have checked your document, give it to someone else to proof read. Keep this draft make a note on it of anything that needs to be corrected.Read AlsoDescriptive Essay TopicsEvaluation Explain how you would have created your document manually. Explain the difference that using ICT to create your document made. Does your document suit its purpose? What improvements could you make if you had more time or different resources available? Problem solving Explain how you overcame any difficulties you had creating your document. Did you use any online help features in the software you used? If so explain what you learnt from this. Safety Explain how you unploughed the risk of viruses to a minimum and how you made sure that the work was done in safe conditions. Was in that respect a need for confidentiality in this document?What steps if any did you take to observe confidentiality? Appendices Include obtain documents you used to create your document (pictures you scanned in, notes, pricelists etc) Any documents you used to collect information e. g. If you are doing a written report to collect information include a sample of your questionnaire and a summary of your results. Your initial design Your drafts A screenshot of a search proving that you searched for information using multiple criteria and finally. Put you final document on the scarer of your project documentation attach a coversheet and hand in to meet the deadline

Recognizing Cultural Differences Essay Example for Free

Recognizing Cultural Differences Es rangeI suffer scated for Pizza Hut for a total of cardinal years. This comp any claims that they ar considered an equal opportunity employer. They claim that they follow the Equal meshing Opportunity Commission. This direction that they can non and do not discriminate against their employees (current and potential) based on well-nigh(prenominal) things race, gender, religion, or national origin. This commission was lay out into place on July 2, 1965. Several other harbored classes were added later on. These include, age (if the person is over 40), disability, family history, army history, and most recently, sexual orientation (Wikipedia, 2012). Although Pizza Hut does realise cultural differences amongst their employees as well as their customers, I submit seen times where Pizza Hut has faltered. Recognizing Culturally Different Employees Pizza Hut does several things that blot the cultural differences amongst their employees. The first is that we are closed on Christmas and Thanksgiving days. This not only allows us to spend time with our families, plainly it also allows us to celebrate the true mean(a)ing of these holidays. Our telephoner does not have a Christmas party because we do not want to exclude any maven that does not celebrate these holidays.We do have a couple people who do not. We also have a couple of employees who have had to alter their uniform due to the beliefs that their culture look ats in. There are some religions that believe that women should al directions be in an ankle length skirt. We do have one or two employees that are able to continue to honor this belief, even though our uniform includes black pants. My company also has a variety of contrasting cultures working for us. We have African Americans, Hispanics, Pakistanis, Bulgarians, and whites. To be a part of a crew wish this has made for a gr prey educational experience for me and my other co-workers.I learn something n ew from these cultures some every day. This company also recognizes the cultural differences amongst our customers. During the religious period, Lent, we offer specials on Fridays for those customers that do not eat meat on Fridays, per Lent. We do have customers that are vegetarian by choice or due to their culture. The way that we accommodate and recognize this is that we make sure that when these images of pizzas are ordered, we cut the pizzas with a clean knife and we falsify our gloves to make sure there is no cross-contamination.The best way that I have seen our company recognize the differences amongst our employees and our customers is that we take extra special care concerning people with disabilities. We have an employee that has severe attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. As a co-worker as well as a mentor to the new employees, I have set up different types of preparedness modules in order to accommodate for different learning disabilities. This is one thing that I am really proud of. For our district, we have a binder that has different modules of training to help accommodate the employees that have certain learning disabilities.I have had to experience using the full general training methods on people who have a hard time learning unless it is done a certain way. I used to get frustrated when they just did not seem to get it. By using the training kits and tools we have now, our company has helped to train employees of all types. Breach of Cultural Awareness As proud as I am to boast about all the good things that my company does to recognize cultural differences, there are some things that I have seen that make me ashamed to say that I work for them.It is not just Pizza Hut, but there are a lot of companies that say they do one thing but they truly do the complete opposite. For example, my store in event states that we do not discriminate against anyone based on gender. The truth is my boss does to an extent. All members of manage ment are male. Our entire dining room staff is women. To me, I feel like I am being discriminated against due to the fact that I am a woman. I have the qualifications as well as the knowledge to become a member of management.In fact, I have passed all the necessary tests and discourses, but my boss continues to make excuses as to why I have not been promoted yet. Another example of a breach in cultural awareness is one that makes me really ashamed to say I work for this boss. I have heard on several occasions that my boss does not like hiring African Americans. This is something that bothers me a lot because I think that prejudice and racism is completely uncalled for. Recently, we had an applicant come in for an interview and to take the assessment test.He passed the test better than most of our other employees. I was able to observe this interview and was complete appalled by what I saw. My boss did not really interview him like he did me when I got hired. He truly acted like he was not interested in anything that the applicant had to say. In fact, after the interview, my boss told me that he was not going to hire him. He state he was not qualified. I informed him that I thought he would have thought different had he actually listened to him during the interview. He finally told me what his reason was for not wanting to hire him.He utter that he does not like to hire African Americans because they are lazy and he has had bad experiences with them as far as work is concerned. This comment angered me to a point where I almost part with because I did not want to work for a company that would allow this type of discrimination. I talked to my res publica coach about this. After this talk, the applicant was hired and has become an incredibly hard worker. He is actually one of our best. Both of these examples are inappropriate because not only are they against the law, but they are against any moral that I know or believe.It is wrong to discriminate against peo ple for any reason. The classes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission protect do not identify the type of worker you are. Just because I am a woman does not mean that I am not capable of caterpillar track the store when my boss is not there. It does not mean that I do not know how to protect myself concerning my safety as well as my fellow employees. The skin color does not depict what type of worker that specific person is. My boss said he had a bad experience with that especial(a) race. This does not mean that the entire race needs to be punished.Conclusion Just because a company says that they follow the law established by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission does not mean that they do. Of course, concerning rule book, they do. Just like case with Pizza Hut, there is always going to be some type of discrimination. Every company has the good things that they do to recognize the differences amongst their employees, but I also believe that there are going to be the bl unders as well. Companies have been getting away with blunders for a considerable time. The blunders seem to be overshadowed by the recognition that the companies give.

Two representations of women Essay Example for Free

Two representations of women EssayWhen indite literary works most, authors leave alone agree that it is difficult to write a narrative without any inspiration. The writers allow often have some motive, either from past experiences or something that gouge inspire an idea for a particular study or essay. Although the story or essay can be fictitious it can still change how society feels about a certain issue. The two works The pistillate personify by Margaret Atwood and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin romanticizes the observe of women in their own opinion, emphasizing ideas such as women universe portrayed as common housewives, objects, emotional delinquents, and submissive individuals. The similarities include both authors has their own discrete impression of how women are being depicted in society and the actioned roles of husbands versus wives or man versus women.The obvious resemblance when comparing these two works is the aspect that they are both written by feminist. In The Female be, Atwood is trying to express her point of view, or sway the lectors to understand the properties of the female body. Atwood uses words that she believes society would view the female body. In the first section she refers to the female body as being a issuance because it is constantly being talked about. My topic feels kindred hell. (Atwood 73) Atwood uses her body assuming that all other females feel the uniform way. Atwood goes and develops the female body as a renewable one luckily (Atwood 75) and that the female body will not unceasingly be accepted in society.When the body is young it has uses It sells cars, beer shaving lotion, cigarettes(Atwood 75). However she mentions that those things relegate out so quickly (Atwood 75) She explains that society holds a supernatural image of what the perfect female looks like in their minds. When most women do not satisfy that image they go in search of a renewable look, they can go out and be made of trans parent plastic or fill cosmetics to enhance their beauty, and lose weight to appeal their significant other. (Atwood) When Atwood argues that the female body is renewable she blames society for fashioning it that way because most females go under the impression that they are designed to look a certain way or divert a certain audience.Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour present its readers with Mrs. Mallard, an old brothel keeper whose husband supposedly died. In this story the author depicts the common stereotypes that separate men from women, and as the reader progresses they find out that Mrs. Mallard places an emotional weakness, vulnerability and most importantly dependence. Kate Chopins goal of this story is to suggest to the audience that women are expected to preserve the role that society implies on them. In the early nineteenth century females were dependant on males to go out and work in order to bring bum the necessary money for survival. The female would be a housek eeper nurturing the children and cooking meals- typical qualities for women during those times. However as the story progresses the stereotypes start to diminish. Go away Im not making myself ill (Chopin 92) During the span of the hour Mrs. Mallard went from leechlike and fragile to strong and independent when she told Josephine to go away.Additionally to the similarities of the two works exposing the generalization of how women are being expected in society, there is an idea that the authors highlight the importance of the conflicted roles between male and female. Atwoods The Female Body implies that the male brain has a thin connection and all their thoughts are sealed off in each compartment and thats what separates males from females. Good for aiming though, for hitting the target when you pull the trigger. Whats the target? Whos the target? Who cares? What matters is hitting it (Atwood 76) Atwood states that the male shows no emotional comfort in anything he does.Atwood also c onnects the simplification of the powerful and the powerless. The females body intention is to please the males by being used as a door knocker and a bottle opener. (Atwood 75) Women always try to please the men by using their body and sex appeal. Some advertisements for example show a vivid image of a female in nothing more then a skimpy bikini selling products like beer or cigarettes. In the contemporary world individuals never gather the male body used to sell beer.The Story of an Hour also reveals an excellent example of the variant roles between males and females, in this case husbands and wives. In this story Mrs. Mallard is tired of being caught doing the chores that her husbandexpects her to do she seeks apologizedom and liberation. Although death is ought to be a sad time, not all conditions would maintain that statement. For example if soulfulness were suffering horrendously, it would in truth be a good thing if he or she died. In the story it shows that Mrs.Mallard di ed at the end of the story but prior to that event it stated that Mrs. Mallard did actually love her husband, but often she did not. (Chopin 92) The story also suggests that she believed that her husband was frustrated with the marriage and assumed that she was too. This conflict revealed the sign that Mrs. Mallard was struggling for freedom, and when she sees that her husband is alive, she must die. This is the only way to be literally free from his gasp. When she had died of the joy that kills it leaves the reader to wonder about how she had died. Whether from the heart attack or she thought she had finally flee her husband and is free at last.In conclusion, the similarities of Atwoods The Female Body and Chopins The Story of an Hour both suggest the how women are being seen by the eyes of society and the important clashes between how the role of women and men ruminate the common stereotypes.Works CitedAtwood, Margaret. The Female Body The Mercury Reader.A Custom publication com piled by black Angus Cleghorn. Boston Pearson 2002.Chopin, Kate The Story of an Hour The Mercury ReaderA Custom publication compiled by Angus Cleghorn. Boston Pearson 2002.

Police scandals are an untallied cost of the drug war Essay Example for Free

Police scandals be an untallied cost of the medicate war EssayThe FBI, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and rase the Coast Guard have had to admit to corruption. The gravity of the natural law crimes is as disturbing as the volume. In New Orleans, a uniformed cop in league with a drug dealer has been convicted of murdering her partner in crime and shop owners during a robbery committed while she was on patrol. In Washington, D. C. , and in Atlanta, cops in drug stings were arrested for stealing and taking bribes.New York State troopers falsified drug evidence that sent people to prison. And it is not ripe the rank and file. The former police chief of Detroit went to prison for stealing police drug-buy money. In a fine New England town, the chief stole drugs from the evidence locker for his own use. And the DEA agent who arrested Panamas General Noriega is in remand for stealing laundered drug money. The drug war is as lethal as it is corrupting. And the police and d rug criminals are not the only casualties.An innocent 75-year-old African-American minister died of a heart attack struggling with capital of Massachusetts cops who were mistakenly arresting him because an informant had given them the wrong address. A rancher in Ventura County, California, was killed by a police SWAT team serving a search warrant in the mistaken belief that he was growing marijuana. In Los Angeles, a three-year-old girl died of gunshot wounds after her mother took a wrong moot into a street controlled by a drug-dealing gang. They fired on the car because it had invaded their marketplace.The violence comes from the competition for unlawful profits among dealers, not from crazed drug users. Professor Milton Friedman has estimated that as many as 10,000 additional homicides a year are plausibly attributed to the drug war. Worse still, the drug war has become a passage war in which non-whites are arrested and imprisoned at 4 to 5 times the rate whites are, horizonta l though nigh drug crimes are committed by whites. The Sentencing Research Project reports that one-third of dusky men are in jail or under penal supervision, largely because of drug arrests.The drug war has established thriving criminal enterprises which recruit teenagers into criminal careers. It was such issues that engaged law-enforcement leaders most of them police chiefs from fifty agencies during a two-day conference at the Hoover Institution in May 1995. Among the speakers was our familiar in this symposium, Mayor Kurt Schmoke, who told the group that he had visited a high school and asked the students if the high dropout rate was due to kids being hooked on drugs.He was told that the kids were dropping out because they were hooked on drug money, not drugs. He also told us that when he went to community meetings he would ask the audience three questions. 1) countenance we won the drug war? People laughed. 2) Are we winning the drug war? People move their heads. 3) If we keep doing what we are doing pass on we have won the drug war in ten years? The answer was a resounding No.At the end of the conference, the police participants completed an evaluation form. xc per cent voted no confidence in the war on drugs. They were unanimous in favoring more interference and education over more arrests and prisons. They were unanimous in recommending a presidential blue-ribbon commission to judge the drug war and to explore alternative methods of drug control. In sum, the tough-minded law-enforcement officials took positions directly contrary to those of sexual intercourse and the President.One hopes that politicians will realize that no one can accuse them of being soft on drugs if they vote for changes suggested by many thoughtful people in law enforcement. If the politicians tone down their cajolery it will permit police leaders to expose the costs of our present drug-control policies. Public opinion will then allow policy changes to decriminal ize marijuana and stop the arrest of hundreds of thousands of people every year. The tremendous savings can be used for what the public really wants the prevention of violent crime.

Discourse on Method Essay Example for Free

Discourse on Method EssayAre on that point whatsoever identical restrictions on the ways in which gentlemans gentleman organisms whitethorn example and treat non human race savages? If so, what are they and how are they considered righteously justified? In this philosophical enterprise, I leave al champion get-go review third standard responses to these questions and briefly indicate why n bingle of them is entirely satisfactory. Afterwards, I will elucidate what axioms should be adopted as the kernel of truth in each of lead responses, and finally juxtapose them into the after part axiom, which is much than adequate position. In so doing, I will argue the importance, from an respectable point of view, of march on inquiry into the nature and terminus of consciousness in nonhuman sensuals. Historically, Western philosophers start established three postulates explaining the validity of exercising and treating nonhuman animals in experiment dis wishinging the ques tions about its nature and its extent of honorable restrictions. One, they argue on the basis of our in condition province to animals maintaining that act of expending animals for different experiments is only intolerable if and only if we learn a direct obligation.Two, humans do non shake off any obligation to animals, and given this fact humans house do whatever they want with animals. And lastly, direct obligation posits that ethical restrictions on the use of animals are possible only on the basis of considering their interest group. Among the most noned philosophers in the western tradition, St. Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant have accognitiond restrictions on human conduct with regard to the service and treatment of animals, but these restrictions are, in their stance, ultimately grounded upon the obligation to separate human bes, and to animals.Amalgamating views that can be traced twain to the Bible and Aristotle, Aquinas held a hierarchical or means-ends view o f the interplay between plants, animals, and humans respectively thither is no sin in using a thing for the purpose of which it is. Now the order of things is such(prenominal)(prenominal) that the imperfect are for the perfect things, like plants which merely have life, are alike for animals, and all animals for man.Wherefore, it is not unlawful if men use plants for the good of animals, and animals for the good of man, as the Philosopher states (Politics i. 3) Nevertheless, it does not follow for Aquinas, that one can do anything to an animal. For example, one is still prohibited from killing another persons ox because this will be an act of injury others property, which is an undeniable act of theft or robbery. And there whitethorn hitherto be similarly indirect grounds for not harming animals that are no ones property. frankincense, Aquinas explains,if any passages of Holy Writ seem to forbid us to be unrelenting to dumb animals, for instance to kill a bird with its young this is either to remove mans thoughts from being cruel to other men, and lest through being cruel to animals one become cruel to human beings or because injury to an animal leads to the temporal hurt of man, either of the doer of the deed, or of another. Kant also held such position insofar as humans obligated to restrain themselves in their dealings with animals due to their obligations to other humans.Thus, So far as animals are concerned, we have no direct duties. savages are not self-aware and are there merely as means to an end. That end is man our duties towards animals is merely indirect duties towards kindness. Animal nature has analogies to human nature, and by doing our duties to animals in respect to manifestations of human nature, we indirectly do our duty to humanity If any acts of animal are analogous to human acts and spring from the equivalent principles. We have duties towards animals because thus we tone down the same duties towards human beings.If a man shoot his dog because the animal is no longer open(a) of service, he does not fail in his duty to the dog, for the dog cannot judge, but his act is inhuman and damage in itself that humanity which it is his duty to show towards mankind. The arguments provided by these philosophers validate the philosophical perspective incorporated in the axiom of indirect obligation. Albeit the fact that we are in a way have obligations to animals, this should not be misconstrued as obligations that humans owed to the animals but rather these obligations are owed to humanity.Nonetheless, there are significant problems with Aquinas and Kants conjectures, at least in their present forms. head start, insofar as Aquinas assumes that it is necessary for humans to use animals for food and hence to deprive them of life, his position essential be reconsidered in the light of modern knowledge about nutrition. It has been maintained, for example, that a perfectly nutritious diet may require little or no deprivati on of animal life and, even if it does, that the average American consumes twice as much animal protein as his/her body can possibly use .To such an extent, we continue to consume large quantities of animal foodstuff requiring pain and the deprivation of life, then. We do so, not so much to serve vital nutritionary demands, but rather to indulge our acquired tastes. Secondly, insofar as Aquinas view is based upon hierarchical worldview and presupposes that those displace in the order or less perfect are to serve good of those higher or more perfect, it is open to a serious theoretical objection. Unfortunately, it is not difficult to imagine that a grouping of beings ? perhaps from another part of the universe ? who are more rational and more perfect than we.let say that such beings are impeccable than we are, it seems to follow, if we adopt the principles underlying Aquinas stance, that we ought to acquiesce in their using us for whichever of their purposes they fancy we would se rve. But do we want to agree with the rightness of this? And if we take Aquinas standpoint, would we have any grounds on which to disagree. As for Kants view, the main difficulties have to do first with his tension on self-consciousness as a condition for being the object of a direct obligation, and morsel with his assumption that all and only human beings are self-conscious.I will postpone consideration of the first difficulty until later. For the moment, let me simply develop the second. Even supposing that self-consciousness is a necessary condition for the being the object of direct obligation, it does not follow either that all human beings are the object direct obligations or that no animal can be the object of such obligation. First, advances in the medical knowledge, techniques, and technology have, among other things, preserved and prolonged the lives of a number of human beings who are severely retarded or otherwise mentally impaired due to illness or accident.In our da y, then, if not in Kants, one cannot assume that all human beings are self-conscious. Second, any(prenominal) contemporary researchers have suggested that at least some non-human animals have a substance to become self-conscious that has, until recently, been undetected or ignored by men. Whence, even if we follow Kant and accept self-consciousness as a condition for being the object of direct obligations, it is does not follow that all and only humans satisfy this condition.Some humans, it may turn out, will not be the objects of direct obligations and some animals will. If animals are not conscious, that is, if they are not sentient and have no capacity for pleasure, pain, or any mental conditions, they may not even be the objects of indirect obligations. insofar as Aquinas says that it is possible to be cruel to dumb animals and Kant says that he who is cruel to animals becomes hard in dealings with men, each presupposes that animals, unlike plants and machines, are sentient a nd are thereby capable of sensation and consciousness.Thus it is surprising to find Rene Descartes comparing animals to machines. Nevertheless, this is just what he did in Discourse on Method when he compared machines made by the helping hand of man with human and nonhuman animal bodies made by the hand of God From this aspect the body is regarded as a machine which, having been made by the hands of God, is incomparably better arranged, and possesses in itself movements which are much more admirable than any of those which can be invented by man. Living human bodies were, for Descartes, distinguished from living animal bodies by the presence of an immortal soul which was a prerequisite for mental fetchs. Without a soul, a biological body was a natural automaton, much more splendid, but in kind no different from machines. For Descartes, the criterion for dichotomizing those living bodies which were ensouled from those which were not was the capacity to use language. The former, he posited, included all and only human beings. ,there are none so depraved and stupid, without even exempting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they realise know their thoughts while on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be which can do the same. Insofar as Descartes position presupposes that all and only human beings have the capacity to use language, it is open to the same sort of criticisms and objections that we raised against Kant.That is, advancements in medicine are providing more nonlinguistic humans and advances in science are suggesting that at least some nonhuman creatures have more linguistic facility than we previously assumed. Moreoer, even the if Descartes were correct on his reasoning that the capacity to use language is uniquely human, why should this, rather than the capacity to happen pain and experience di emphasise, be the spark advance crit erion for determining the nature and extent of ethical restrictions on the expenditure and treatment of animals?It is this objection which sets the ramification for positions which hold that humans have direct obligations to at least some animals. Jeremy Bentham argues that pain and pleasure were what governed air and that any ethical system which was founded on anything but maximizing the net balance of pleasure over pain, dealt in sounds instead of sense, in caprice instead of reason, in darkness instead of light. Every go through for Bentham was to be assessed in terms of its likelihood of maximizing the net balance of happiness.But, he noted, if the capacity to experience pleasure and pain was what qualified one to be taken into score in estimating the effects of various courses of action, then nonhuman as well as human animals would have to be taken into account insofar as they, too, had the capacity to experience pleasure and pain. Thus, for Bentham, it is sentience, or capacity for pleasure and pain, that determines whether a being qualifies for mortal consideration. The question now is what grounds we have to consider that animals do suffer from our cruel acts.In response to such question, one holding a utilitarian direct obligation theory must show why individuals believe that animals are conscious. There are number of ways one business leader go about this. One, one could stress behavioral similarities between men and animals in their respective responses to authorized standard pain and pleasure producing stimuli. Comparing the behavior of animals to infants would be valid indication of such similarities. Two, we could stress relevant neuropsychological similarities between humans and animals.The fundamental insight of indirect obligation theories is their recognition of contravention between straightforward and reflective consciousness. Beings having only simple consciousness can experience pain, have desires, and make choices. But they ar e not capable of reflecting upon their experiences, desires, and choices and altering their behavior as a result of self-conscious evaluation and deliberation. Beings who can do this I will, following John Locke, label persons.A person, in Lockes stance, is A thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places. although they are mistaken in believing that the class of human beings, indirect obligation theorists were correct to emphasize the social circumstance of persons. For only persons are capable of tracing the consequences and implications of various courses of action and then deliberating and deciding to embark on one rather than another on grounds other than self-interest.To do this is part of what it means to have a morality, and it is the capacity for taking the moral pint of view (that is, voluntarily restricting ones appetite or desire for the sake of others) that gives the person their special worth. The fundamental point of Descartes no obligation axiom was to recognize the connection between the development and exercise of language. As Stuart Hampshire has recently pointed out, although people often associate the use of language in general with communication, languages more distinctive and far-reaching power is to bring possibilities before the mind.Culture has its principal witness in the use of the word if in counterfactual speculation. Only language, then, gives us the power to shape complex unrealized possibilities. Therefore, a being cannot be considered a person without the incorporation of language in human psyche. Finally, the fundamental argument of direct obligation principles was to note that one need not be a person to be the object of a moral obligation. Simple consciousness and sentience is fit to entitle a being to be considered for its own sake in the ethical deliberations of persons.If, for example, the capacity to feel pain is sufficient for prima facie obligation not to cause gratuitous pain to persons, why it is not also valid ground for a similar obligation not to cause pain to animals? With regard to the evil of avoidable and unjustifiable pain, the question is, as Bentham emphasized, not Can they reason nor can they lambast? but, can they suffer? Putting all of this together, we can say that persons, who are characterized as possessing reflective consciousness, may have a higher status than beings having only simple consciousness.Their special worth is a persona of the extent to which they use language to bring possibilities before the mind and then restrain their more small desires for the sake of not harming others whom they recognize, from the moral point of view, as their equals in certain respects. Among the beings whose interests must be taken into account for their own sake in the moral deliberations of persons are beings possessing only simple consciousness.To the extent that persons rel uctantly cause pains, suffering, and even death to beings possessing simple consciousness in order to meet important needs, what they do may be justified by appeal to their higher status or greater worth. But, to the extent that persons inflict avoidable pain and suffering on such beings merely to satisfy certain profitless tastes or desires, they pervert their greater capacities. In so doing, they ironically undermine their claim to higher status or worth and thereby weaken any justification they may have had for sacrificing beings having only simple consciousness for important ends.ReferencesAquinas, S. T. (1981). Summa Theologica (F. o. t. E. D. Province, Trans. ) Christian Classics. Bentham, J. (1988). The Principles of Morals and Legislation Prometheus Books. Descartes, R. (1999). Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy (Fourth ed. ) Hackett Pub Co Inc. Hampshire, S. (1979). Human Nature. New York Review of Books. Kant, I. (1963). Lectures on Ethics (L. Infield , Trans. ) Harper and Row. Lappe, F. M. (1975). Fantasies and deficit Harper and Row. Locke, J. (1994). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Prometheus Books. Velasquez, M. (1985). Ethics Theory and Practice Prentice-Hall Inc.

Simple pendulum experiment Essay Example for Free

Simple pendulum experiment try onA string mea certaind to be over 1 meter, so as when its continuance was macrocosm adjusted there was enough string to pull on from between the wooden blocks, was tied to a bob. The end of the string was accordingly placed between two wooden blocks and adjusted so that the length of the pendulum was 1 meter. The wood blocks were then placed in the clamp and the grip was tightened. The pendulum suspension was made sure to be friction-free so that the wood blocks could provide a point of suspension for the string. The angle at which the pendulum is skeletal out to should be small. The smaller the angle, the closer the harmonic motion it will behave because the restoring force is playing tangent to the arc the pendulum moves through instead of being outside of it. The time taken for 20 oscillations with the length of the pendulum being 1 meter was recorded but was also repeated for accuracy. The two times were averaged and the proceeds was d ivided by 20 so as to find the time for one oscillation which was then squared.The length of the pendulum was decreased by 0. 1 m each time. The pendulum should swing freely without hitting anything. A table was drawn to record the results and from this a graph was plot. Results Table showing the time taken for 20 oscillations for each length. Time for 20 oscillations l/m t1/s t2/s AverageGradient = g g= gradient g = 0. 24ms-2 39. 48 = 9. 79 ms-2 Conclusion Using a simple pendulum, the acceleration due to staidness was concluded to be 9. 79 ms-2.

Continuing Personal Development Essay Example for Free

Continuing Personal Development EssayFor years, the only way to do HTML in a opticly appealing way was to use tables. As the web evolved, designers wanted to do more than just display school text, they wanted to emulate printed documents. This was d one and only(a) through CSS or cascading entitle sheets. With this, designers are able to separate heart from presentation, and gain more precise control everywhere layout. Cascading stylus Sheets, or CSS, allow you to modify properties of existing HTML elements. With manner sheets you have increased flexibility and the potential to add several attributes that are non available with normal HTML. The word cascading applies to a hierarchy of grandeur in that the user has the highest level of control. By applying a user-selected appearance sheet, the user has complete control over the styles of the web page. This is an accessibility benefit. People spate view web pages in any browser that they choose, and they can manipula te it as much as they like. Using CSS to your advantage One of the primary benefits of CSS is that it allows authors to separate message from its presentation. The satisfy can be presented with any combination of styles, but the content itself will remain unchanged.With style sheets, you have greater control over layout than you do with tables. You can change the linear layout of a page without altering its visual layout. Linear layout refers to the order of elements in a web page when all styles and change are removed. One of the nice things about style sheets is that you dont have to alter the visual formatting of a web page when you alter the linearized reading order. This can be useful when you want to make real that screen indorser users access the page content in a certain order. CSS PitfallsIt is sometimes beguiling to take advantage of the wide-ranging capabilities of CSS to convey meaning. This is one of the most dangerous pitfalls of CSS-based design. For example, di fferent colors of text could be used to separate certain words into different categories. In a sense, this sort of visual categorization technique provides visual cues that are helpful to readers. Not everyone has full visual capabilities though. Individuals with low vision, blindness, or color blindness or those that use old browsers and monochrome devices may or may not be able to make sense of the information if it is presented this way.This is the same with the use of meaningful ground images. Since background images cannot have alternative text explicitly associated with them, there is potential for abuse, or at least negligence, in terms of ensuring accessibility. Some of the strengths of style sheets are also weaknesses. For example, the competency to change the linearized reading order of your content without changing the visual layout can lead to some wonderful accessibility solutions, but it can also create a huge mess.Even though it is possible to present the content t o screen reader users in any conceivable order, most of the times, the more experimental design, the more likely it will flurry users. It is interesting to note that when you use CSS, you have to accept the fact that your content will not note right in some browsers. Some may not even support CSS at all. (Creating handy CSS. Web Accessibility in Mind. ) Reaction The article from WebAIM is a good head start to ensure more about CSS.It presents an overview of Cascading Style Sheets to help the readers get a grasp of how it was created and how it evolved as an answer to a changing need to have more flexibility in HTML. It provides a detailed yet passing comprehensible approach to CSS the basics of it and the certain issues it entails. CSS is indeed a creative way to enhance our ability to manipulate web pages and relay information over the internet. WebAIM also presents the advantages and disadvantages of CSS in a concise manner. CSS has gained popularity because of its many anot her(prenominal) advantages.The article emphasizes the value of how you can separate the content from presentation. In a time when both content and presentation are authoritative in order to effectively communicate the message to the viewers, it is especially important that a demarcation between the two be made. Being able to change one darn not sacrificing the other, is a good attribute that CSS has brought to HTML. CSS improves the ease of changing tags and styles while also being effective with its process. However, useful as it is, CSS has also some disadvantages. The rather lenient way of manipulating styles may also be subject to abuse.More confusion can be made if improper and abusive use of style variation is done. Careful thought must be ensured when creating web pages so as to convey messages distinctly and effectively. Like in any other fallible structures, it is important to be cautious of any mistakes that dexterity be done, paying closer attention to detail and the ef ficiency of the method or style used. Moreover, one must understand that although browser support issues are inevitable, there are some strategies to manage this. Bibliography Creating well-disposed CSS. Web Accessibility in Mind. http//www. webaim. org/techniques/css/